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A 

SERMON 


PREACHED TO THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY IN 

DEERFIELD MASS. 


AND IN THE HEARING OF SEVERAL 

INDIANS 


OF BOTH SEXES SUPPOSED TO BE DESCENDANTS OF 


EUNICE WILLIAMS, 

DAUGHTER OF 


REV. JOHN WILLIAMS, 

FIRST MINISTER OF DEERFIELD. 

AUGUST 27, 1837. 


JOHN FESSENDEN. 


PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. 


GREENFIELD MASS. 

PRINTED BY PHELPS AND INGERSQLL. 

1837 . 



































» 




PREFATORY REMARKS. 


The occasion of this Discourse is stated on the title 
page. For the sake of those, who may not be familiar 
with the history of Deerfield, should it come to the pe¬ 
rusal of any such, some personal notices of Eunice Wil¬ 
liams ought perhaps to be added. After the surprisal 
and capture of this town by a hostile forceof French and 
Indians from Canada on the night of the 29th of Feb. 
1704, she was carried away by the enemy at a tender 
age into captivity, with her father’s family and many 
others, inhabitants of Deerfield. Not obtaining her re¬ 
lease at the time her father and some others, her com¬ 
panions in capt’vity, were redeemed about two years 
afterwards, she gradually acquired a relish for the savage 
mode and habits of living, and became connected in mar¬ 
riage with an Indian, with whom she lived to the end of 
her life. u Sometime after the war” says Gen. Hoyt 
in his Antiquarian Researches, u she, with her husband, 
visited her relations in Deerfield, dressed in the Indian 
costume ; and though every persuasion was tried to in¬ 
duce her to abandon the Indians, and to remain with her 
connexions, all proved ineffectual ; she returned to Can¬ 
ada, and there ended her days, a true savage. At vari¬ 
ous times since, several of her descendants have visited 
Deerfield and other towns in New England, claiming re¬ 
lationship with the descendants of the Rev. Mr. Williams, 
and have been hospitably received.” On the 22d of last 
month our village was visited by two or three families of 
Indians, amounting in all to twenty three of various ages, 
calling themselves by the name of Williamson the ground 
of being descendants of Eunice. The eldest of the par¬ 
ty, a woman, stating her age to be eighty years, claimed 


4 


to be the grand-daughter of Eunice, adding that she per¬ 
fectly remembered her grandmother ; a fact not improb¬ 
able, inasmuch, as Eunice being only seven years old when 
carried away, and having as is well known lived to a great 
age, this woman must have been about twenty at the time 
of her decease, on the supposition that she attained an 
age equal to her own. If these persons truly inherit the 
name of Williams according to their statement, their kin¬ 
dred in Deerfield must be numerous, and it is but just 
to say, that those of the name were not slow to admit their 
claim, but uniformly called them u our cousins.” During 
their short stay, a little more than a week, they encamped 
in the vicinity of the village,—employed their time not oth¬ 
erwise occupied, in making baskets,—visited the graves of 
their ancestors, the Rev. Mr. Williams and wife, and at¬ 
tended divine service on Sunday in an orderly and rever¬ 
ent manner. They refused to receive company on the 
Sabbath, and at all times, and in all respects, seemed dis¬ 
posed to conduct themselves decently and inoffensively. 
During their sojourn with us, pa ly j erhaps on account 
of the unusual nature and circumstances of the visit, and 
partly no doubt on account of the rarity of any of the de¬ 
scendants of this race of people in our vicinity at the pre¬ 
sent day, their encampment was frequented by great num¬ 
bers of persons, almost denying them time to take their 
ordinary meals, but affording them, as if to make amends 
for such inconvenience and privation, a ready sale for 
their fabrics. On the 1st of September, they decamped 
and commenced their homeward progress towards Cana¬ 
da. For many interesting particulars relating to the fam¬ 
ily of the Rev. Mr. Williams, the reader is referred to a 
Biographical Memoir recently published in a neat and con¬ 
venient form by Dr. S. W. Williams of Deerfield. J. F. 




SERMON. 





ACTS, XVII. 26. And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to 
dwell on the face of the earth ; and hath determined the times before ap¬ 
pointed, and the bounds of their habitation. 

THE fact asserted in the text, my friends, is one which 
the mere light of nature hardly reveals to us with any suf¬ 
ficient assurance, and it is one, which on this account, we 
should be slow to credit without some higher authority and 
additional reasons. The varieties which human nature pre¬ 
sents in climates remote from each other are very great and 
very striking, and are such as will not allow us, on first in¬ 
spection without a large share of credulity, to acquiesce in 
the belief of a common origin. The Scriptures, however, 
assert a common origin for all the differing tribes and races 
of men, that people the earth. They pronounce all the va¬ 
rious kindreds of mankind to be the posterity of the same 
primitive pair. Naturalists and Physiologists, moreover, 
who have gone most deeply into the investigation of this sub¬ 
ject, the direction of their inquiries, in all probability, being 
in no small degree, determined by the suggestions they had 
derived from the Scriptures, have in general, I believe, ar¬ 
rived at the same conclusion. 

It will be the object of this discourse, my friends, in the 
first place, to state some of the reasons, which, on inquiry 
present themselves to our minds, and which lead to the well 
founded belief that all mankind are of one blood. 

In the second place, I shall endeavor to bring into view, 
the advantages of such an appointment, and the occasions of 
satislaction that should arise on finding such a supposition 
to be well founded. 



6 




I. What reason have we to suppose that all mankind are 
of one blood ? In entering upon this inquiry it might seem 
a suitable question to ask ;—What reason have we to suppose 
anything else? The general sentiment of mankind ;—The 
sentiment which seems all along to have possessed the gen¬ 
eral mind, without any considerable manifestation of scruple 
or dissent, is undoubtedly in favor of a common origin. This 
sentiment, as I shall endeavor to show, constitutes a reason 
of no small weight, towards establishing the truth of such a 
supposition. It is nevertheless clear, that the reasons for sup¬ 
posing that the human race involves several distinct species 
are at first view very strong. The fact that various races of 
men are found in regions of the world apparently quite remote 
from all practicable means of intercourse, and without any 
previous knowledge of each other, while widely differing in 
complexion, formation and habits of life, has appeared°un- 
accountable to many on the supposition, that all the varieties 
of the human family, proceeded from the same original pair. 
1 his supposition, on these accounts, has never been univer¬ 
sally credited, but always disallowed by many sound think¬ 
ers and philosophical inquirers. 

1. One reason, therefore, I maintain, arising out of the 
subject itself in favor of the supposition of a common origin, 
is the general prevalence of such a sentiment among the 
mass of mankind, notwithstanding the obvious reasons for 
adopting a different hypothesis. We may ascribe this sen¬ 
timent to ancient revelation, tradition, prejudice, authority, 
or immemorial belief, the common parentage beyond a doubt 
of the largest amount of our most trusted opinions, as it is 
also the undeniable source of many vulgar errors ; but one 
nevertheless, which goes back to an origin as ancient as the 
instincts of nature itself, and is in the majority of cases, per- 
haps, as genuine and authentic. The Mosaic account of 
the creation of man, which professes to ascend the stream 
of tradition to the time of Adam, must have always been 


current in the world, at least among the Jews. It must have 
been current frorp the time of its existence; and had such 
an account of the matter been first made known to men at 
a time when the occasion for calling it in question, was the 
same, which has existed in later times, is it probable that it 
would have been received without hesitation, or that it would 
have become current without the existence of any counter 
statement or theory ? There is no other statement or expla¬ 
nation of the subject, nor ever has been, which possesses the 
slightest claims to credibility. The human mind is utterly 
baffled and at a loss how to proceed in any attempt to give 
a different explanation of this matter from that which the 
Scriptures contain. A different account would lead to skep¬ 
ticism, in regard to the first great Cause and Creator of all 
things. We could no longer say with the Prophet;—“ Have 
we not all one Father, hath not one God created us ?”— 
The general testimony of such a sentiment, therefore, unim¬ 
paired by any other of the least probability, constitutes a rea¬ 
son of very considerable weight in favor of the supposition 
of a common origin. 

2. Another reason, and one perhaps, which constitutes 
the most conclusive and incontrovertible argument, in sup¬ 
port of such a theory, is the following. It is an invariably 
acknowledged law of nature that none of the distinct species 
of animals, and none of the distinct species of vegetables, are 
capable of being mingled, blended or assimilated in the nat¬ 
ural progress of propagation or reproduction. In the Mo¬ 
saic account of the creation, it is declared “ the earth brought 
forth grass and herb, yielding seed after its kind, and the 
tree yielding fruit after its kind, whose seed was in itself af¬ 
ter its kind.” And this law seems ever to have been a per¬ 
manent appointment of nature and of God, with respect to 
all the orders of beings on the face of the earth. The in¬ 
superable barriers, thus fixed in their original constitution, by 
which all the animal and vegetable productions of the earth 


8 


are ever preserved from intercommunication, confusion and 
extinction, as we see to be the fact in the uninterrupted con¬ 
tinuation of each distinct species, are too manifest to escape 
the most casual observation ; and they afford a most valid and 
conclusive argument in support of a common origin for each 
particular kind, and such an origin as revelation declares. 
And against the validity of this argument, we may rest as¬ 
sured, that the several varieties of the human family do not 
present the slightest countervailing evidence. 

3. With respect to the varieties, which actually exist in 
the human race, if it were an object to account for these 
physical diversities, on the supposition that all mankind 
are of one blood, much might be said by way of satisfactory 
explanation. Climate, together with the changes produced 
upon the human constitution, by diet, air, soil and habits of 
life, in regions exceedingly unlike each other, is known to 
be attended with peculiarities which are very considerable 
and very observable. This fact becomes manifest in instan¬ 
ces of migration, in the case of the same individuals. And 
if it be said that the original varieties of the human species 
do not become obliterated, by change of climate even after 
a succession of generations, the same may be said with re¬ 
spect to other animals. Other animals of the same species, 
present very strongly marked varieties in colour and in sun¬ 
dry respects, while we never think these characteristics any 
indication of different species, however wide the circumstan¬ 
ces of diversity may be;—nor does there appear to be any 
evidence that the animals themselves are in any degree sen¬ 
sible to these diversities. Do we not observe at all times 
among our domestic animals, similar and as great diversities 
in external appearance, as those by which the inhabitants 
of Europe and Africa are distinguished, while we make no 
distinction and signify no preference, on these accounts, and 
while these peculiarities, seem to be unknown to the ani¬ 
mals in which they are observed ? The sensibility of man- 


9 


kind to these diversities existing in their own species, is per¬ 
haps rather acquired than natural. It is like what takes 
place in matters of opinion and faith. In sentiment men are 
apt to be more concerned about points of difference which 
are not material, than they are about those which are most 
essential, and which are manifestly most incapable of be¬ 
ing brought into agreement. But this concern, even the 
beasts of the field, would teach us, is not a law or dic¬ 
tate of nature. “ There is no flesh,” says the sensitive and 
complaining Cowper, but with much truth and humanity, as 
well as severity of satire— 


There is no flesh in man’s obdurate heart. 

It does not feel for man; the natural bond 
Of brotherhood is severed. 

He finds his fellow guilty of a skin. 

Not coloured like his own: and having power 
To enforce the wrong, for such a worthy cause. 

Dooms and devotes him as his lawful prey. 

Lands intersected by a narrow frith. 

Abhor each other. Mountains interposed. 

Make enemies of nations, who had else 
Like kindred drops been mingled into one. 

Thus man devotes his brother and destroys: 

And worse thaji all and most to be deplored 
As human nature’s broadest, foulest blot. 

Chains him, and tasks him, and exacts his sweat. 

With stripes, that Mercy, with a bleeding heart. 

Weeps, when she sees inflicted on a beast. 

When we examine the subject with attention and candour, 
my friends, there is in nature apparent but very little foun¬ 
dation for supposing that the various races of mankind, are 
any other than the different branches of the same parent 
stock. And the advantages of such an original appointment 
must be palpably evident to every reasonable mind, and it 
must be an occasion of the greatest satisfaction to have be¬ 
come firmly established in such a faith. 

II. We proposed, in the second place, to bring this part 

2 


10 


of our subject under consideration. There are essential ad¬ 
vantages in the fact, if it be one, that all mankind are of one 
blood ; and the assurance that such is the fact, should be 
occasion of great satisfaction. For if men were by nature, 
what they have become by custom and various accidental 
causes, no remedy could be hoped to arrive for those occa¬ 
sions of disaffection and hostility, by which they are divi¬ 
ded from, and animated against each other,—no remedy 
short of that which should effect the extermination of one or 
the other of the contending parties, whose interests should 
seem least capable of being reconciled. If communities of 
men, who are made alien to each other by strong lines and 
marks of diversity, and who are accustomed to regard each 
other with the utmost jealousy and aversion, had reason to 
believe that these marks of distinction and sentiments of en¬ 
mity were founded in nature,—were a part of their original 
constitution,—what hope could they entertain that such a 
terrible evil,—such a wasting scourge, could ever be mitiga¬ 
ted or removed ? The weaker party must ever regard them¬ 
selves, like sheep exposed to the ferocity of wolves, and the 
stronger party, must regard their defenceless victims, as 
wolves regard their natural prey. On such a supposition, 
men would conclude that these sentiments and practices of 
implacable hostility and violence were a necessary part of 
that business of life for which they were created, as much 
as for any other purpose, which contributes to their preser¬ 
vation or welfare. Indeed they might be led to suppose that 
the children of men had as many different Creators as there 
were different races of men, and that their respective Crea¬ 
tors were as hostile to each other and to each other’s crea¬ 
tures, as the creatures themselves, in each separate race or 
clan, were to those of another race or clan. From this gloomy, 
repulsive view of human nature, how refreshing the transi¬ 
tion to that account of the matter, which is presented in rev¬ 
elation ! Revelation gathers all the scattered and various 


11 


kindreds of the earth, into a common family,—traces all the 
•countless diversities of human shade and feature to the same 
primeval origin,—finds the same life-blood circulating through 
the veins of every human creature, whether his skin be 
blanched like the snows by the chill atmosphere of the north, 
or darkened to a sable hue by the scorching rays of a tor¬ 
rid clime,—purifies and reconciles all the discordant and 
conflicting customs and religions of Greek and Jew, Barba¬ 
rian and Scythian,—invites them all to one hospitable roof,— 
the celestial mansion,—the everlasting habitation of the 
same Common Parent,—as brethren of a single, united, har¬ 
monious household, as heirs and joint-heirs to a sufficient, a 
joyous, an imperishable inheritance ! Such is the account,— 
blessed be the God and Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus 
Christ, who of his abundant grace hath begotten us again, 
to a new and better existence, that the thanksgivings of many 
miorht redound to his glory,—such is the account which Rev¬ 
elation gives of the human family. It designs to break down 
every middle wall of partition, by which the interests and 
happiness,—the hearts and hopes,—the labours and advan¬ 
tages of mankind are cleft asunder. It proclaims glad 
tidings of great joy to the world, peace throughout the 
ear,h, and good will among all mankind. It declares that 
all the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdom 
of our God, that all nations and people, all kindreds and 
tongues, that all the children of God from the least to the 
greatest, shall know the Lord, and see his salvation. “ Every 
valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be 
brought low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and 
the rough ways shall be made smooth ; and all flesh shall see 
the salvation of God.” All differences shall be reconciled 
and removed. The disadvantages of the lowly and depres¬ 
sed shall be taken away,—the unjust pretensions of the ex¬ 
alted and oppressive shall be humbled,-—the light of the day¬ 
spring from on high shall penetrate to every condition,— 


12 


shall warm every heart,-knowledge and joy, righteousness and 
benevolence shall be diffused, till all shall feel their power, 
share in their benefits, rejoice together, possess the earth 
and delight themselves in the abundance of peace. “ Fear 
not, for I am with thee, saith the Lord, I will bring thy seed 
from the East, and gather thee from the West; I will say 
to the North, Give up; and to the South, Keep not back; 
bring my sons from afar, and my daughters from the ends 
of the earth. Even every one that is called by my name ; 
for I have created him for my Glory, I have formed him, 
yea, I have made him.” Such are the promises, and such 
the fruits of Christianity. Mankind would never have at¬ 
tained to this assurance, this prospect of the human condi¬ 
tion and destiny, on any inferior authority. Blood and car¬ 
nage must otherwise deform and deface the scenes of earth, 
to the end of time. The scenes of this world have been 
more or less saddened and disfigured in this way from the 
beginning of time, and until the leaven of Gospel truth, shall 
penetrate the whole mass of humanity, transform and purify 
the ferocious and vindictive passions of the human heart, 
disclose and invigorate the natural and inviolable ties of a 
common brotherhood, bring into universal recognition the 
principle asserted by our Saviour, who looking around in 
the presence of the disciples upon the heterogeneous multi¬ 
tude, which constituted his countless audience, exclaimed, 
“ Behold my mother and my brethren ! For whosoever shall 
do the will of rny Father which is in heaven, the same is 
my brother, my sister, and mother ;”—until this, “ fulness of 
the blessing of the gospel of Christ” shall be accomplished, 
I say, such scenes will continue to be exhibited in some 
measure to the end of time. 

In the consideration of this subject, my friends, my atten¬ 
tion has been somewhat impressed and directed by a regard 
to the unusual visit which during the past week, has been 
made to our village. At this stage in the progress of our 


13 


history, such ail event must be one of rare occurrence, and 
little to be expected ; and when we consider the pious and 
filial motive of ancestral veneration in which it purports to 
have originated, when we consider the sanguinary and har¬ 
rowing transactions of olden time, which alone could make 
such a motive possible at the present day, when we consider 
this remarkable illustration of the truth declared in our text, 
by which the blood of two races so distinct and unlike, and 
once so hostile and irreconcilable, has been blended together, 
when moreover, we consider the peculiar associations and 
historical memorials of Indian warfare, by which this place 
is remarkably distinguished, this event certainly constitutes 
a very singular incident in the train of our ordinary experi¬ 
ence, and amply justifies, as I conceive, that strong expres¬ 
sion of interest, curiosity and attention, which has been so 
generally manifested. That this visit should have been un¬ 
dertaken principally from the not illaudable motive of pay¬ 
ing respect to the grave of an ancestor, long since departed, 
and that ancestor our own no less than theirs, that such was 
the motive, I say, if we consider a well known trait of In¬ 
dian character, seems highly probable. Such a motive is a 
sacred one,—it possesses a measure of dignity which com¬ 
mands our respect, and excludes all suspicion of selfish and 
mercenary views,—of unworthy and mendicant expedients. 
The spirit too with which this occasion has been met, on 
either side, so far as my observation enables me to speak, has 
been such, as I should think would be mutually satisfactory. 
Our guests have been received in a spirit of unaffected and 
unostentatious hospitality, suited to their condition, their 
wants, and their tastes. On their part, there has not ap¬ 
peared to be any evidence of unreasonable expectation or 
extravagant demand. Their wants seem to be few and hum¬ 
ble, like those of the children of the forest at all times; and 
the resources to meet them seem to have been provided for, 
within themselves and in their own way. It is to be hoped, 
that their stay which promises to be short will continue to be 


4 


I 


14 

such, as will enable them to depart with friendly feelings 
and to carry with them grateful recollections ; and such that 
we may hereafter remember it without any sense of regret, or 
any measure of self-reproach. All this were to be desired, even 
if we felt no confident assurance, that such a conduct was 
demanded by the genuine truth of the statement, alleged as 
the occasion for the visit. As it respects this question how¬ 
ever, I do not think there is much reason to entertain any 
considerable doubt. There might be a mistake, and some 
occasion for better evidence would exist to meet the requisi¬ 
tions of the law, if there were an inheritance in dispute. 
But an intention to deceive, under the circumstances, I should 
be extremely loath to suspect. Nor can there be assigned 
any consideration of profit at stake, which could be a suffi¬ 
cient inducement for a journey so formidable, which prom¬ 
ised so little, and where nothing of the kind appears to be 
pretended or expected. I have no hesitation in acknowledg- 
ing my belief, that the professed motive for this undertaking 
was the real one, and would cheerfully meet it with a cor¬ 
dial salutation, with the hand of friendship, with the pipe of 
peace. I would meet the tawny children of nature, as the 
swarthy ^Ethiopian was greeted by an apostle of our Lord, 
who was prompt to fulfil his reasonable request, and to speed 
him on his way rejoicing. I would say as ye have buried 
the hatchet whose traces still remain visible on the ancient 
portal, to remind us of by-gone days of blood and violence, 
of suffering and captivity, so sleep the sword by which those 
wrongs,—if wrongs they were,—have been fully avenged. 

I would do more,—I would recognize with pious humility 
and solemn reverence the workings of that mysterious prov¬ 
idence, which has mingled your blood with ours, and which 
consideration, while it awakens a painful sentiment of the 
heart-rending scenes, the distressing trials, and protracted 
sufferings by which such a consummation was effected, never¬ 
theless admonishes us that God, who is no respecter of per- 
sons, hath made of one blood, all nations of men, and hath 

M U loo 

sia * 


15 


determined the times, the places, and circumstances, in 
which they should live, in order to accomplish his designs 
of impartial benevolence and general good. We look at the 
mouldering moss-covered house of strength, which has sur¬ 
vived the perilous times of which we are speaking, and as 
we behold the deep indented marks of savage and mortal 
weapons, the record of “ dreadful summoners,” at dead of 
night, storming the bolted doors of maternal tenderness and 
sleeping infancy, we shudder at the thought of those barba¬ 
rous cruelties, which were preparing for the defenceless and 
unsuspecting inmates. But we are aware that it will be said 
on the other side, “ Judge not, lest ye be judged.” The 
messengers from Dedham, first employed to seek out this 
location, in their report speak as follows;—“ Providence led 
us to that place. It is indeed far away from our plantations, 
and the Canaanites and Amelekites dwell in that valley, and if 
they have any attachment to any spot on earth, must delight 
to live there. But this land must be ours. Our people have 
resolute and pious hearts, and strong hands, to overcome all 
difficulties. Let us go and possess the land.”* Whether the 
spirit of enterprise that expresses itself in these terms is in ac¬ 
cordance with that commandment, which forbids us “ to covef 
any thing which is our neighbour’s,” and whether in ac¬ 
complishing its purpose, it encountered severer trials than 
it ought to have expected, is a fit subject, for our serious re¬ 
flection. Meantime let us rejoice that we live under such 
favorable circumstances, to ponder the record of our fathers’ 
trials, and to reap the benefit of their toils, and let us adore 
that wise and benevolent Providence which “ from seeming 
evil educes good;” let us trust, that those hard allotments, 
which have yet been abundantly prospered, were of a piece 
with all those probationary dispensations by which the ap¬ 
pointments of God for the benefit of his creatures are realized 
and effected. 

* Worthington’s History of Dedham—p. 25 








































































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